Enabling Technologies for the Smart Grid

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2

STUDY BACKGROUND 2

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 3

INTENDED AUDIENCE 4

SCOPE AND FORMAT 4

METHODOLOGY 5

AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS 5

RELATED BCC RESEARCH 5

BCC ON-LINE SERVICES 6

DISCLAIMER 7

CHAPTER 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9

SUMMARY TABLE U.S. MARKET FOR SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2018

($ MILLIONS) 9

SUMMARY FIGURE U.S. MARKET FOR SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES, 2012–2018 ($

MILLIONS) 10

CHAPTER 3 "SMART GRIDS": AN OVERVIEW 12

DEFINITIONS 12

BENEFITS OF SMART GRIDS 12

DIRECT BENEFITS 12

Benefits to Utilities 12

Lower Capital Costs 12

Reduced Operating Costs 13

Benefits to Users 13

Improved Quality and Reliability 13

Lower Costs 14

FIGURE 1 AVERAGE RETAIL PRICE OF ELECTRICITY, 2001–2011 (CENTS/KWH) 14

Greater Consumer Choice 15

INDIRECT BENEFITS 15

Reduced Consumption of Fossil Fuels 15

FIGURE 2 U.S. ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY FUEL TYPE, 2012 (%) 15

TABLE 1 U.S. CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION,

THROUGH 2012 17

Improved Balance of Payments Position 17

FIGURE 3 U.S. FOSSIL FUEL IMPORTS, 2011 (PERCENT OF TOTAL FOSSIL FUEL

IMPORTS) 18

Enhanced National Security 19

Job Creation 19

Economic Development 19

Environmental Benefits 20

THE PATH TO A SMART GRID 21

GRID 2030 21

National Electricity "Backbone" 21

Regional Interconnections 22

Local Distribution, Mini- and Micro-Grids 22

NATIONAL ELECTRIC DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES ROADMAP 22

FIGURE 4 NATIONAL ELECTRICITY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES OVERALL ROADMAP 22

FIGURE 5 NATIONAL ELECTRICITY DELIVERY ROADMAP FOR DEVELOPING CRITICAL

TECHNOLOGIES 24

EARLY ADOPTERS 25

Southern California Edison Company 25

Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project 26

TXU Energy Broadband over Power Line Smart Grid 27

Xcel Energy Smart Grid City 28

Austin Energy Smart Grid Program 29

Other Projects 29

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE SMART GRID 29

TABLE 2 MAJOR CLASSES OF SMART GRID–ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 29

COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES 30

SENSING AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES 30

ADVANCED COMPONENTS 30

CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 31

INTERFACE AND DECISION-SUPPORT TECHNOLOGIES 31

MARKET SUMMARY 31

TABLE 3 U.S. MARKET FOR SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY,

THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 31

FIGURE 6 U.S. MARKET FOR SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES, 2012–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 32

FIGURE 7 U.S. SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES MARKET SHARES, 2012–2018 (%) 32

CHAPTER 4 MARKET ENVIRONMENT FOR SMART GRID-ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 35

LEGAL AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT 35

BARRIERS TO SMART GRID DEPLOYMENT 35

Federal-State Coordination 35

Cost Recovery 35

Other Incentives to Increase Grid Efficiency 36

Least Cost Planning 37

Environmental, Public Health and Safety Impacts 37

Lack of Standards 38

LEGISLATION AND REGULATION 38

Federal Initiatives 38

Energy Policy Act of 2005 38

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 39

Section 1301. Statement of Policy on Modernization of

Electricity Grid 39

Section 1302. Smart Grid System Report 39

Section 1303. Smart Grid Advisory Committee and Smart

Grid Task Force 40

Section 1304. Smart Grid Technology Research,

Development, and Demonstration 40

Section 1305. Smart Grid Interoperability Framework 41

Section 1306. Federal Matching Funds for Smart Grid

Investment Costs 41

Section 1307. State Consideration of Smart Grid 41

Section 1308. Study of the Effect of Private Wire Laws on

the Development of Combined Heat and Power Facilities 41

Section 1309. DOE Study of Security Attributes of Smart

Grid Systems 41

Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 41

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 42

Smart Grid Advancement Act of 2013 42

Federal Regulation 43

Rulings Expanding Use of Demand Response 44

Assessment of Demand Response and Advanced Metering 44

Interim Rate Policy 44

Smart Grid Standards 45

State Legislation and Regulation 45

Arizona 45

Regulatory Activities 45

California 46

Legislation 46

California Senate Bill 17 46

California Senate Bill 1491 47

Regulatory Activities 47

Colorado 48

Legislation 48

House Bill 07-1037 48

Regulatory Activities 48

Illinois 48

Legislation 48

Senate Bill 1592 48

Regulatory Activities 49

Maryland 49

Legislation 49

EmPower Maryland Energy Efficiency Act 49

Regulatory Activities 49

Massachusetts 50

Legislation 50

Green Communities Act 50

Regulatory Activities 51

Michigan 51

Legislation 51

Regulatory Activities 51

New Jersey 52

Regulatory Activities 52

Oregon 52

Regulatory Activities 52

Pennsylvania 52

Legislation 52

Act 129 53

Regulatory Activities 53

Texas 53

Legislation 53

SB 3693 53

Regulatory Activities 53

Vermont 54

Legislation 54

Energy Efficiency and Affordability Act of 2008 54

Regulatory Activities 54

FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 55

FINANCING THE SMART GRID 55

Government-Funded Programs 55

Government-Funded R&D 55

Federal R&D 55

State-Financed R&D 55

Smart Grid Pilot and Demonstration Projects 56

Matching Grants for Smart Grid Investments 56

Capital Investments 56

American Reinvestment and Recovery Plan of 2009 56

UTILITIES 56

R&D 57

CHAPTER 5 INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS FOR SMART GRIDS: TECHNOLOGIES

AND MARKETS 60

SUMMARY 60

TABLE 4 U.S. MARKET FOR INTEGRATED SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS

TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 60

FIGURE 8 TRENDS IN U.S. MARKET FOR INTEGRATED SMART GRID

COMMUNICATIONS, 2012–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 60

HOME AREA NETWORKS 61

TECHNOLOGIES 61

TABLE 5 ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART GRID HOME AREA NETWORKS 62

ZigBee 62

Wi-Fi 63

Z-Wave 63

In-Home Power Line Communications 63

USNAP 64

COMMERCIAL STATUS AND OBSTACLES TO DEPLOYMENT 64

PRODUCERS AND DEVELOPERS 64

TABLE 6 COMPANIES THAT MARKET OR ARE DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIONS

TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART GRID HANS 65

MARKETS 65

TABLE 7 MARKET FOR SMART GRID HAN COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES,

THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 66

NEIGHBORHOOD AREA NETWORKS 66

TECHNOLOGIES 66

TABLE 8 ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART GRID NEIGHBORHOOD AREA

NETWORKS 67

Broadband over Power Line 67


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